محاضرة 3 | المضارع التام المستمر

🔹 المضارع التام المستمر (Present Perfect Continuous) – الصف السادس الإعدادي

📌 أولًا: متى نستخدم المضارع التام المستمر؟

🔹 يستخدم المضارع التام المستمر للتعبير عن حدث بدأ في الماضي وما زال مستمرًا حتى الآن، أو حدث استمر لفترة معينة في الماضي القريب وما زالت آثاره واضحة.

✅ أمثلة توضيحية:

• I have been studying English for three years.
  (أنا أدرس الإنجليزية منذ ثلاث سنوات وما زلت أدرسها حتى الآن.)

• She has been working all day, so she is very tired.
  (لقد كانت تعمل طوال اليوم، لذا فهي متعبة الآن.)

• It has been raining for hours.
  (إنه يمطر منذ ساعات.)

📌 ثانيًا: تكوين المضارع التام المستمر

🔹 [Subject + have/has + been + verb (ing)]

✅ أمثلة:

• I have been reading this book for two hours.
• She has been cooking since morning.
• They have been playing football all afternoon.

📌 ثالثًا: الكلمات الدالة على المضارع التام المستمر

هناك بعض الكلمات التي تساعدنا في معرفة أن الجملة في المضارع التام المستمر:

📌 رابعًا: الفرق بين المضارع التام والمضارع التام المستمر

✅ أمثلة مقارنة:

• I have written three emails today. (المضارع التام – النتيجة هي كتابة 3 رسائل)

• I have been writing emails all day. (المضارع التام المستمر – التركيز على مدة الكتابة)

• She has cleaned the house. (المضارع التام – النتيجة: البيت نظيف)

• She has been cleaning the house for two hours. (المضارع التام المستمر – التركيز على مدة التنظيف)

📌 خامسًا: تمارين على المضارع التام المستمر

📝 التمرين 1: اختر الكلمة الصحيحة

1. She (has been / have been) studying for three hours.
2. They (has been / have been) playing football since morning.
3. He (has been / have been) working hard lately.
4. I (has been / have been) learning French for two years.
5. It (has been / have been) raining all day.

✅ الحلول:

1. has been
2. have been
3. has been
4. have been
5. has been

📝 التمرين 2: أكمل الجمل باستخدام المضارع التام المستمر

1. I _______ (study) English since 2020.
2. She _______ (work) at this company for five years.
3. We _______ (wait) for the bus for 20 minutes.
4. He _______ (exercise) a lot recently.
5. They _______ (play) video games all morning.

✅ الحلول:

1. have been studying
2. has been working
3. have been waiting
4. has been exercising
5. have been playing

📝 التمرين 3: ضع “for” أو “since” في الفراغ المناسب

1. I have been living here ____ 2015.
2. He has been running ____ an hour.
3. We have been waiting ____ 20 minutes.
4. She has been studying ____ last week.
5. They have been playing football ____ the morning.

✅ الحلول:

1. since
2. for
3. for
4. since
5. since

📝 التمرين 4: صحح الأخطاء في الجمل التالية

1. She have been working here for five years.
2. I has been playing football all day.
3. They has been learning English since last year.
4. He have been reading a book for two hours.
5. We has been waiting for the train.

✅ الحلول:

1. She has been working here for five years.
2. I have been playing football all day.
3. They have been learning English since last year.
4. He has been reading a book for two hours.
5. We have been waiting for the train.

📌 سادسًا: متى لا نستخدم المضارع التام المستمر؟

❌ لا نستخدم المضارع التام المستمر مع الأفعال غير القابلة للاستمرار (Stative Verbs) مثل:

🔹 know / want / like / love / hate / believe / understand / have (للمُلكية)

✅ بدلًا من ذلك، نستخدم المضارع التام البسيط:

• ❌ I have been knowing him for years.

• ✅ I have known him for years.

• ❌ She has been having a car for two years.

• ✅ She has had a car for two years.

📌 سابعًا: أسئلة اختبارية شاملة

📌 اختر الإجابة الصحيحة:

1. He ____ (has been / have been) working since morning.
2. They ____ (has been / have been) traveling a lot recently.
3. I ____ (has been / have been) waiting for the bus for 30 minutes.
4. ____ (Have / Has) you been studying for the exam?
5. We ____ (has been / have been) learning Spanish for a year.

✅ الحلول:

1. has been
2. have been
3. have been
4. Have
5. have been

📌 ثامنًا: نصائح لفهم المضارع التام المستمر بسهولة

✔️ استخدم for / since / all day / lately / recently لتحديد المدة الزمنية.
✔️ لا تستخدم المضارع التام المستمر مع Stative Verbs (الأفعال غير المستمرة).
✔️ قارن بين المضارع التام البسيط والمضارع التام المستمر لفهم الفرق بينهما.
✔️ تدرب على تكوين الجمل وصياغتها بنفسك.