محاضرة 3 | المضارع التام المستمر

🔹 المضارع التام المستمر (Present Perfect Continuous) – الصف السادس الإعدادي

📌 أولًا: متى نستخدم المضارع التام المستمر؟

🔹 يستخدم المضارع التام المستمر للتعبير عن حدث بدأ في الماضي وما زال مستمرًا حتى الآن، أو حدث استمر لفترة معينة في الماضي القريب وما زالت آثاره واضحة.

✅ أمثلة توضيحية:

• I have been studying English for three years.
  (أنا أدرس الإنجليزية منذ ثلاث سنوات وما زلت أدرسها حتى الآن.)

• She has been working all day, so she is very tired.
  (لقد كانت تعمل طوال اليوم، لذا فهي متعبة الآن.)

• It has been raining for hours.
  (إنه يمطر منذ ساعات.)

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📌 ثانيًا: تكوين المضارع التام المستمر

🔹 [Subject + have/has + been + verb (ing)]

الفاعل	الفعل المساعد (have/has)	been	الفعل الأساسي + ing
I / We / You / They	have	been	studying, working, playing
He / She / It	has	been	reading, writing, sleeping

✅ أمثلة:

• I have been reading this book for two hours.
• She has been cooking since morning.
• They have been playing football all afternoon.

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📌 ثالثًا: الكلمات الدالة على المضارع التام المستمر

هناك بعض الكلمات التي تساعدنا في معرفة أن الجملة في المضارع التام المستمر:

الكلمة	المعنى	مثال
For	لمدة	I have been waiting for an hour.
Since	منذ	She has been working since 2015.
All day	طوال اليوم	He has been studying all day.
Recently	مؤخرًا	They have been traveling recently.
Lately	مؤخرًا	I have been feeling tired lately.

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📌 رابعًا: الفرق بين المضارع التام والمضارع التام المستمر

المضارع التام (Present Perfect Simple)	المضارع التام المستمر (Present Perfect Continuous)
يستخدم للتعبير عن نتيجة حدث أو تجربة.	يستخدم للتركيز على مدة الحدث واستمراريته.
لا يركز على المدة الزمنية.	يركز على المدة الزمنية.
يُستخدم مع already, just, yet, ever, never.	يُستخدم مع for, since, all day, recently, lately.

✅ أمثلة مقارنة:

• I have written three emails today. (المضارع التام – النتيجة هي كتابة 3 رسائل)

• I have been writing emails all day. (المضارع التام المستمر – التركيز على مدة الكتابة)

• She has cleaned the house. (المضارع التام – النتيجة: البيت نظيف)

• She has been cleaning the house for two hours. (المضارع التام المستمر – التركيز على مدة التنظيف)

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📌 خامسًا: تمارين على المضارع التام المستمر

📝 التمرين 1: اختر الكلمة الصحيحة

1. She (has been / have been) studying for three hours.
2. They (has been / have been) playing football since morning.
3. He (has been / have been) working hard lately.
4. I (has been / have been) learning French for two years.
5. It (has been / have been) raining all day.

✅ الحلول:

1. has been
2. have been
3. has been
4. have been
5. has been

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📝 التمرين 2: أكمل الجمل باستخدام المضارع التام المستمر

1. I _______ (study) English since 2020.
2. She _______ (work) at this company for five years.
3. We _______ (wait) for the bus for 20 minutes.
4. He _______ (exercise) a lot recently.
5. They _______ (play) video games all morning.

✅ الحلول:

1. have been studying
2. has been working
3. have been waiting
4. has been exercising
5. have been playing

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📝 التمرين 3: ضع “for” أو “since” في الفراغ المناسب

1. I have been living here ____ 2015.
2. He has been running ____ an hour.
3. We have been waiting ____ 20 minutes.
4. She has been studying ____ last week.
5. They have been playing football ____ the morning.

✅ الحلول:

1. since
2. for
3. for
4. since
5. since

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📝 التمرين 4: صحح الأخطاء في الجمل التالية

1. She have been working here for five years.
2. I has been playing football all day.
3. They has been learning English since last year.
4. He have been reading a book for two hours.
5. We has been waiting for the train.

✅ الحلول:

1. She has been working here for five years.
2. I have been playing football all day.
3. They have been learning English since last year.
4. He has been reading a book for two hours.
5. We have been waiting for the train.

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📌 سادسًا: متى لا نستخدم المضارع التام المستمر؟

❌ لا نستخدم المضارع التام المستمر مع الأفعال غير القابلة للاستمرار (Stative Verbs) مثل:

🔹 know / want / like / love / hate / believe / understand / have (للمُلكية)

✅ بدلًا من ذلك، نستخدم المضارع التام البسيط:

• ❌ I have been knowing him for years.

• ✅ I have known him for years.

• ❌ She has been having a car for two years.

• ✅ She has had a car for two years.

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📌 سابعًا: أسئلة اختبارية شاملة

📌 اختر الإجابة الصحيحة:

1. He ____ (has been / have been) working since morning.
2. They ____ (has been / have been) traveling a lot recently.
3. I ____ (has been / have been) waiting for the bus for 30 minutes.
4. ____ (Have / Has) you been studying for the exam?
5. We ____ (has been / have been) learning Spanish for a year.

✅ الحلول:

1. has been
2. have been
3. have been
4. Have
5. have been

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📌 ثامنًا: نصائح لفهم المضارع التام المستمر بسهولة

✔️ استخدم for / since / all day / lately / recently لتحديد المدة الزمنية.
✔️ لا تستخدم المضارع التام المستمر مع Stative Verbs (الأفعال غير المستمرة).
✔️ قارن بين المضارع التام البسيط والمضارع التام المستمر لفهم الفرق بينهما.
✔️ تدرب على تكوين الجمل وصياغتها بنفسك.